In the previous installment we came across the idea of creating noise via an oscillator and via a buffer filled with your own values (as opposed to values being read from a pre-recorded file). I thought a bit of elaboration is in order, even though we're not going to use these ideas for the Deep Note. So... a little diversion. But it's all in the name of WebAudio exploration!
Boots and Cats
You know these electronic, EDM-type stuff, 80's electronica, etc. When you have "four on the floor" (kick drum hit on every beat) and some sort of snare drum on every other beat. It sounds a bit as if you're saying Boots & Cats & Boots & Cats & Boots & Cats & so on.
Let's see how we can generate similar sounds using a sine wave for the kick drum (Boots!) and a random buffer of white noise for the snare drum (Cats!).
Generating realistic-sounding instruments is a wide topic, here we're just exploring the WebAudio API so let's keep it intentionally simple. If you want to dig deeper though, here's a good start.
<button onclick="kick()">
đ„Ÿđ„Ÿđ„Ÿ<br>
<abbr title="shortcut key: B">B</abbr>oots
</button>
<button onclick="snare()" id="cats">
<br>
<abbr title="shortcut key: C, also X">C</abbr>ats
</button>
<p>Tip: Press B for Boots and C (or X) for Cats</p>
Setup
Setting up the audio context and the keydown hooks:
if (!window.AudioContext && window.webkitAudioContext) {
window.AudioContext = window.webkitAudioContext;
}
const audioContext = new AudioContext();
function kick() {
// implement me!
}
function snare() {
// me too!
}
onkeydown = (e) => {
if (e.keyCode === 66) return kick();
if (e.keyCode === 67 || e.keyCode === 88) return snare();
};
Now all we need is to implement the kick() and snare() functions.
Cats
The "Cats!" snare drum is white noise. White noise is random vibrations evenly distributed across all frequencies. (Compare this to e.g. pink noise which is also random but adjusted to human hearing - less low frequencies and more highs.)
The snare() function can be really simple. Just like before, create a buffer source, give it an audio buffer (stuff to play), connect to the audio destination (speakers) and start playing.
This snare function will play the exact same buffer every time, so we only need to generate the buffer once and then replay it. If you think this is boring... well the buffer is random so no one will ever know that the buffer is the same every time. But you can always generate a new buffer every time (expensive maybe) or create a longer buffer than you need and play different sections of it.
And what's in that buffer? As you saw in the previous post it's an array with a (lot of!) values between -1 and 1, describing samples of a wave of some sort. When these values are random, the wave is not that pretty. And the result we, humans, perceive as noise. But turns out that, strangely enough, short bursts of random noise sound like a snare drum of some sort.
OK, enough talking, let's generate the bugger, I mean the buffer.
What length? As you know, if the length is the same as the sample rate you get 1 second of sound. That's a looong snare hit. Experiment a bit and you'll see you need a lot less:
const length = 0.05 * audioContext.sampleRate;
Now you have an empty buffer, 0.05 seconds long. You can access its content with:
let data = buffer.getChannelData(0);
0 gives you access to the first channel. Since we created a mono buffer, it only has that one channel. If you create a stereo buffer, you can populate the two channels with different random samples, if you feel so inclined.
Finally, the randomness to fill the channel data:
for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
data[i] = Math.random() * 2 - 1;
}
The whole * 2 - 1 is because Math.random() generates numbers from 0 to 1 and we need -1 to 1. So if the random number is 0 it becomes 0 * 2 - 1 = -1. And then if the random number is 1, it becomes 1 * 2 - 1 = 1. Cool.
In this case the white noise is louder than the kick sine wave, so making the amplitude of the noise between -0.5 and +0.5 gives us a better balance. So data[i] = Math.random() - 1; it is.
All together:
const length = 0.05 * audioContext.sampleRate;
const buffer = audioContext.createBuffer(1, length, audioContext.sampleRate);
let data = buffer.getChannelData(0);
for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
data[i] = Math.random() - 1;
}
function snare() {
const source = audioContext.createBufferSource();
source.buffer = buffer;
source.connect(audioContext.destination);
source.start();
}
The buffer is created once and reused for every new buffer source. The buffer sources needs to be created for every hit though.
Moving on, the boots!
Boots
The kick (Boots!) is a low-frequency sine wave. We create the wave using createOscillator():
This creates a low-frequency wave and plays it indefinitely. To stop it we call stop() and schedule it 0.1 seconds later.
oscillator.stop(audioContext.currentTime + 0.1);
Here currentTime is the audio context's internal timer: the number of seconds since the context was created.
This is cool and all, but we can do a little better without adding too much complexity. Most instruments sound different when the sound is initiated (attack!) vs later on (sustain). So the sine wave can be our sustain and another, shorter and triangle wave can be the attack.
(BTW, the types of oscillators are sine, triangle, square and sawtooth. Play with them all!)
Alrighty, diversion over, next time we pick up with Deep Note. Meanwhile you can go play Boots & Cats.
Oh, you may hear clicks in Firefox and Safari (Chrome is ok) when the sine wave stops. That's annoying but you'll see later on how to deal with it. Spoiler: turn down the volume and then stop. But in order to turn down the volume you need a volume knob (a gain node) and you'll see these in action soon enough.
PHP Internals News: Episode 30: Object Initializer
London, UK
Thursday, October 3rd 2019, 09:30 BST
In this episode of "PHP Internals News" I chat with MichaĂâŠĂâ Brzuchalski (Twitter, GitHub, Website) about an RFC that he produced that woul...
Focus Lab released a case study on the branding work behind the new Laravel logo and site design that launched with v6.
The post Focus Lab: The branding work behind Laravel 6 appeared first on Laravel News.
Join the Laravel Newsle...
Garcinia is a fruit, majorly found in India and Southeast Asia. It contains a chemical, hydroxycitric acid (HCA), which is considered as a source to prevent fat storage, control appetite, and increase exercise endurance. It can be extracted into powder and liquid form and is applicable in the food beverage industry, functional foods, and dietary supplements. Increasing health conscious population and inclination of consumers towards food supplements is boosting the growth of garcinia market. Moreover, continuous increase in health issues among the growing population has created opportunity for the players in garcinia market to enter into the market and generate revenue. However, stringent government laws and regulations for application of garcinia in the products may hamper the growth of the market.
Rising consumersâ awareness about garcinia supplements and health advantages associated with it is identified to be increasing the sales of garcinia in the global platform. The growth has been driven by the increased acceptance of natural health supporting ingredients among the consumers. Increasing prevalence of diseases such as obesity has increased the application of garcinia in various industries including in supplements, pharmaceuticals, functional food beverages, and others. Garcinia serves as a source in prevention from factors which leads to obesity and other body weight related disorders. Continuously increasing obesity and other body weight related issues across the globe has turned up an opportunity for supplements, functional food and beverage industry to include garcinia in their products, which is driving the growth of the global garcinia market. Garcinia helps in reducing and managing body weight and prevents conditions like obesity and unnecessary body fat deposition.
Garcinia are Guangdong Hybribio Biotech Co., Ltd. (Hong Kong),
Hunan Nutramax Inc. (China),
Hunan Huacheng Biotech Inc. (China),
Nuvaria Ingredients (U.S.),
Ambe Phytoextracts Private Ltd. (India),
Indfrag Limited (India),
Honson Pharmatech Group Ltd. (Canada),
Xi’an Lyphar Biotech Co., Ltd. (China),
Sia Fruits Serviss
Zeon Health UK Ltd. (U.K)
With the entry of new industrial players in the weight loss products, established players are continuously involved in product improvisations and constantly keep adding new products to their offerings. With companies aiming to capture a considerable share of the market segment as early as possible, they are competing in terms of quality and creating product differentiation to gain consumers attention. The best long-term growth opportunities for this sector can be captured by ensuring ongoing RD investments in the optimal strategies.
With strategic expansions, market players can focus on penetrating into the developing economies to expand their business portfolio. Consumers in developing countries are keen on exploring new product range offered to them and form a large consumer base. Establishing market in these emerging economies is profitable based on relatively low set-up costs, ease of doing business, and further lower variable cost to be incurred.
Latest Industry Updates
May 2017 TLS Weight Loss Solution has launched two of the hottest ingredients for weight loss in the name of Green Coffee Bean Extract and Garcinia Cambogia. Green Coffee Extract, is the most clinically researched brand of green coffee bean extract, which has been shown superior to its competitors in promoting healthy weight management and helping to maintain normal blood sugar levels.
Dec 2016 Pure Nutrition has launched its flagship e-commerce portal in Dubai with a bid to explore the natural formulations market with its expanded range of products including Garcinia for weight management.
Nov 2016 Garcinia Cambogia Fusion Burn Fat Burner has been officially launched on Amazon.com. The product is enhanced with weight-loss formula which is natural, safe, and sustainable
Market Segments
The Global Garcinia Market has been divided into Form, Application and Region.
Based on Form: Powder, Liquid, and Others
Based on Application: Foods Beverages, Functional Foods Dietary Supplements and Others
Based on Region: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and ROW
Garcinia Market is segmented into Europe, North America, Asia Pacific and rest of the world (RoW). Asia Pacific region is dominating the market followed by Europe. Indonesia is the major producer of garcinia in the global market. Inclination towards body weight management among the consumers is driving the garcinia market in the Europe. Furthermore, Asia Pacific is witnessed to be the fastest growing region over the forecast period. Increasing obese population and growing health awareness in developing countries like India and China is boosting the growth of Asia Pacific market. Furthermore, rising demand for natural products in U.S. is likely to attract players to penetrate the North American market and increase the sales of their product.
Media Contact Company Name: Market Research Future Contact Person: Abhishek Sawant Email:Send Email Phone: +1 646 845 9312 Address:Market Research Future Office No. 528, Amanora Chambers Magarpatta Road, Hadapsar City: Pune State: Maharashtra Country: India Website:https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/garcinia-market-1364
Gravity Forms is one of the most versatile WordPress plugins out there. Yes, it creates forms â and quite well. But its capabilities go well beyond your standard contact form.
A default installation of this commercial plugin can add all manner of conditional logic. Thatâs pretty powerful in itself. However, throw in the many available add-on plugins, and you have nearly endless possibilities.
Add-ons bring extra functionality to Gravity Forms. You can use them to take online payments, allow users to create an account, run surveys, generate PDF files, and a whole lot more. Really, thatâs just the beginning of what can be accomplished.
Today, weâll introduce you to some free and commercially available plugins that help turn Gravity Forms (and your website) into a feature-packed powerhouse.
If you have contact forms on your website, you also have spam. But mitigating this annoyance is easy with Gravity Forms Zero Spam. The plugin has no settings â simply install and activate to start blocking junk mail. It also plays nicely with other spam repellants such as reCAPTCHA.
By default, Gravity Forms will export form entries in CSV format. But thatâs not necessarily what youâll always want. Plus, a site administrator has to be the one to perform the export. Gravity Forms Entries in Excel adds the flexibility of exporting to a more visually friendly Excel format and adding a secure link where others can directly access the generated file.
Want to get more in-depth detail of how your forms are performing? Event Tracking for Gravity Forms ties in various form events with Google Analytics, among other similar programs. The result is that you can more easily track conversions. As a bonus, there are a number of helpful videos that demonstrate how to set it all up.
Imagine being able to take a userâs form entry and turn it into a personalized, branded PDF. Thatâs exactly what Gravity PDF can do. Add your logo, use custom fonts and even email the file directly to users. And, with the use of premium extensions, youâll gain access to more file templates, the ability to watermark your documents and more.
Administering WordPress via the command line allows for both power and efficiency. Gravity Forms CLI Add-On is an official extension that simply adds forms to the mix. Use it to manage forms and entries in pretty much the same way as you would in the WordPress back end. You can even use it to install other official add-ons.
GravityView is a suite of commercial add-ons that enables form entry data on the front end of your website. For instance, if users register for accounts via Gravity Forms, you could use this plugin to allow them to edit their profile data. From there, you can track changes to those profiles or perhaps plot addresses on a Google Map. And this is only scratching the surface of whatâs possible.
Gravity Forms includes a number of helpful CSS âReadyâ Classes that allow for more control over field layout. However, you must manually look up (or memorize) these classes and then add them into a fieldâs settings for them to take effect. GravityWP â CSS Selector takes the guesswork out of the process by allowing you to select from a handy listing of classes, thus saving loads of time.
Rounding out our list is GravityPerks, a commercial suite of over 30 âPerksâ or add-ons that bring some seriously cool functionality to your forms. There are perks for all manner of functions, such as limiting the number of entries (or times a multiple-choice option can be selected), adding word counts to fields, the ability to email everyone who has submitted a particular form, and a lot more. If you require some niche functionality, look here first.
Give Gravity a Boost
Two things really make Gravity Forms stand out as special. First, it offers some outstanding features right out of the box. Second, the plugin is built with extensibility in mind.
This has led to a community of both official and third-party add-ons that enable web designers to implement some mind-blowing functionality with minimal effort.
While Gravity Forms itself and some add-ons do cost money, it should still fit within even the smallest budgets. And for the number of powerful features you can add to your site, itâs well worth the investment.
Susan Boyle is a Scottish singer that first audition where she started off her introduction stating, she said: âI am 47 and thatâs just one side of me.â She rose to fame for her angelic singing voice and incredible talent. But her soulful musical prowess is not the only part of what makes Susan Boyle so special. The real reason so many people love her is that she inspired millions by just by being herself. And that raw honesty has paid off, big time! Susan Boyle went from relative obscurity to setting some records as the oldest singer to reach number one for a debut album.
Susan Boyle Weight Loss History
Since Susan Boyle was discovered in 2009 when she auditioned for Britainâs Got Talent, she was later diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in 2012 and decided to start living a healthy life. She has been creating headlines along with her gorgeous weight loss transformation! She has lost a humongous fifty pounds and her appearance is currently slimmer and healthier than ever.
Despite her to be known for her talent in singing, there still was some pressure concerning her appearance. Susan Boyle told The Sunday Times, âI know what they were thinking, but why should it matter as long as I can sing? Itâs not a beauty contest.â Sadly, despite the modernization of our time, there is still huge pressure on how one looks. However, this was not the reason she wanted to lose weight. Rather than aesthetics, her doctors decided on putting her on to a weight loss program after she was diagnosed to have type 2 diabetes. See below a before and after of the coveted Susan Boyle weight loss image:
How and Why The Susan Boyle Lost Weight Loss Is Doable!
The Susan Boyle Weight Loss TIP 1: Remove Sugar Says the Singer!Â
Something as simple as sugar can dramatically help to reduce weight. Sugar is dangerous and it causes chronic diseases other than diabetes such as obesity and heart problems. We like sugar because we associate juices and drinks that we drink in the morning (even in tea/coffee) to energize, mainly thanks to the sugar. It is very high in calories hence they can give an instant energy boost, however they lack any nutrients at all. Problem is, we can easily get so many calories from sugar and but fail to expend the equivalent energy. Unused calories get stored as fat and hence naturally results in so much weight gain.
Sugar is in so many foods and beverages that you consume regularly. To avoid these sugary products, it is best to identify them and remove them successfully as Susan Boyle did. Sugar can be found in almost every single thing you DONâT make from scratch. For example, Readymade Sauces, Juices, Milkshakes, Chocolate Milk Drinks, Sports Drinks, Instant Coffee Sachets, Sugary Cereals, SODA, Salad Dressings, Breads, and ALL desserts.
An easy way to continue to eat the things on this list is to make it at home with sugar substitutes like honey, agave nectar, jaggery, maple syrup, and coconut sugar.
The Susan Boyle Weight Loss Tip 2: Healthy Exercises and Workout
Susan Boyle started walking 2 miles every day. Boyle was about 50-years-old at that time. It was important not to hurt her knees in the process of working out so walking was the best way she could start burning the fat. Susan Boyle did not exercise at the gym as she didnât like going to the gym so she revised her own way to move throughout the day. The main point of working out is that you are using energy up so no new fats are stored and that that stored energy would finally be put to use. Anyone can do anything that can get their body moving as a form of workout.
It can be sports, housework, or like Susan Boyleâs technique, simply walking 2 miles every day. Simply take your dog for a 2-mile walk every day or come to your office on foot or by bicycle. Or you can play with your kids or siblings a lot for an hour. Just apply this to your life.
The Susan Boyle Weight Loss Tip 3: Garcinia Cambogia
Another thing that helped Susan Boyle successfully lose weight by taking Garcinia Cambogia supplements. These tamarind fruit contain hydroxycitric acid or HCA which helps accelerate the burning of fat and suppresses appetite. But of course, how can your body burn fat if you are not moving at all. So in order for this supplement to have something to assist with, you still need to workout and garcinia Cambogia would help your body burn fats faster.
The Garcinia or HCA will facilitate the body to feel full throughout the day. Garcinia is also helpful for lowering steroid alcohol. Again, these claims donât seem to be verified, and also the results of studies are inconsistent. It works for suppressing, which facilitates losing weight and they assist fat by up your metabolism. Susan Boyle was tormented by debates over her weight however she doesnât stop singing or taking care of her health.
General Trivia
Who is Susan Boyle?
She hails from Scotland, but now sheâs known in all four corners of the globe. Susan Boyle was born in 1961 and struggled with bullying in school. She was diagnosed with a learning disability at a young age, which doctors attributed to her motherâs advanced maternal age (she was 45) and oxygen deprivation at birth. They were wrong, though. In 2012, Boyle found out she has Aspergerâs and an exceptionally high IQ.
Susan Boyle was always a singer. Raised Roman Catholic, Boyle sang in the church choir and at other religious functions as a youth. Her first professional appearance was on the British television My Kind of People in 1995 when she sang âI Donât Know How to Love Himâ from Jesus Christ, Superstar. She also put out a demo album with three tracks on it and entered some small singing competitions. But it was her mom who she credits with making her famous. Sheâs the one who urged Boyle to try out for Britainâs Got Talent.
In the months following her appearance on the show, Susan Boyle got to work on her professional singing career. She released her first album just six months later and several more in the coming years. Boyle also made her acting debut when she played herself in several documentaries about her extraordinary life. Now Susan Boyle is happier than ever doing what she loves and making money in the meantime. Thanks to all her hard work and natural talent, Susan Boyle is worth an estimated $40 million. She lives in a home she bought herself and there are rumors of a doctor boyfriend, too (though those are unconfirmed). Boyle looked fine the way she was, but she recently had a transformative experience when she lost 50 pounds in an effort to get her diabetes under control. She looks and sounds amazing, and the world loves her for it.
How old is Susan Boyle?
58 years (born on 1 April 1961)
What nationality is Susan Boyle?
Scottish and British
Who did Susan Boyle lose to?
A Street dance troupe called Diversity was announced as the winners on BGT, while singer Susan Boyle was the runner-up and saxophonist Julian Smith came in at a third place.
Where did Susan Boyle get her start?
Susan Boyle, (born April 1, 1961, Bangour Village Hospital, West Lothian, Scotland), Scottish singer whose appearance on the British television talent show Britainâs Got Talent in 2009 transformed her into an international phenomenon.
