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Can Too Much Vitamin B Increase Hip Fracture Risk?

A recent study evaluated the relationship between intake of vitamin B₆ and vitamin B₁₂ and risk of hip fracture among postmenopausal women. According to the findings, a higher than recommended intake of combined vitamins B₆ and B₁₂ could increase the likelihood of sustaining a hip fracture.

Previous research has found that more than half of the United States population uses some kind of dietary supplement (of note, evidence has tied supplements including Herbalife, Hydroxycut, and garcinia cambogia to increased risk of liver failure). Further, the study authors noted, “Both insufficient and excess intakes of a nutrient may be harmful. According to randomized clinical trials (RCTs), high-dose vitamin supplementation may lead to unexpected adverse effects.”

Researchers used data from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) to conduct their study. NHS data for the current study went back to June 1984. The women filled out a survey via mail pertaining to their medical history, lifestyle, and disease risk factors; follow-up surveys were conducted every two years. The women were followed through May 2014; final analysis included responses from 75,864 postmenopausal women. After excluding 117 fractures related to cancer or traumatic events, 2,304 hip fractures were recorded.

Characteristics of Fracture Patients

Among the 2,304 hip fractures, median age at the time of fracture was 75.8 years, and mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.3 kg/m². The median cumulative average intake of total vitamin B₆ was 3.6 mg/d, and vitamin B₁₂ was 12.1 μg/d. The reference group for vitamin B₆ analysis was those with a daily intake 2 mg/d, and for vitamin B₁₂ was 5 μg/d.

BMI did not significantly differ across high and low vitamin intake groups. However, in both vitamins B₆ and B₁₂ groups, the higher intake cohorts had increased levels of physical activity and lower rates of smoking. Women with higher intakes of vitamins B₆ and B₁₂ also had higher intakes of other micronutrients, and a lower consumption of caffeine and alcohol. The low vitamin B₁₂ intake group had lower rates of functional limitations, chronic diseases, and medication use; middle and high intakes had similar rates. This association was weaker in the vitamin B₆ groups.

The women were followed for a mean 20.9 years. After adjusting for covariates, compared to the reference group, the highest vitamin B₆ overall intake (diet and supplements) group had a relative risk (RR) for hip fracture of 1.29 (95% CI, 1.04-1.59; P = .06 for linear trend). When comparing groups based on vitamin B₆ intake from supplements only, the highest intake group’s RR was 1.41 (95% CI, 1.10-1.80; P = .09 for linear trend).

“For total vitamin B₁₂, intakes at least 30 μg/d were associated with a nonsignificant increased risk of hip fracture compared with intakes less than 5 μg/d (RR, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.98-1.58), and risk increased linearly with increasing intake (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00-1.03 per 10-μg/d increase in total intake; P for linear trend = .02),” the researchers observed.

An increased intake of both vitamins was significantly associated with increased hip fracture risk compared to a reference category of a low intake of both vitamins (RR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.15-1.89). most women did not have a high intake of one and a low intake of the other. Women with a medium intake for both vitamins did not have a significantly greater risk for hip fracture (RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.98-1.42).

For women aged 19 to 50 years old, the National Institutes for Health (NIH)’s recommended daily allowance (RDA) for vitamin B₆ is 1.3 mg; for women aged older than 50 years, NIH recommends a 1.5 mg dose. The NIH’s vitamin B₁₂ recommendation is 2.4 μg for women aged 14 years and older.

“The RDAs are established to meet the nutritional requirements of almost the entire population. Despite that, use of high-dose vitamin supplementation far exceeding the RDAs is common, often without any definite indication and in the absence of clear evidence of benefit,” the study authors observed. They suggested that caution be applied when taking supplements, “because adverse events can occur.”

Article source: https://www.docwirenews.com/docwire-pick/rheumatology-picks/vitamins-increase-hip-fracture-risk/

Things That Come Back to Haunt Web Designers

Making mistakes is part of the human experience. They go together like pizza and breadsticks. But the beauty of a mistake is that you have a chance to learn from it.

Still, the reality is that we usually don’t learn until that mistake properly blows up in our face. Even then, that one false move can come back to haunt us time and again. Once that happens, it can seem impossible to shake yourself from the clutches of such horror.

Perhaps the best (and only) defense is to avoid making that mistake in the first place. So, before you go about your daily business, stop and read our list of business and design-related actions that can come back to bite you in the future. It may just save you from some future headaches!

Taking on Projects That Don’t Feel Right

Not every project or client is going to be the right one for you. And it seems like, quite often, you can spot a bad one right from the beginning.

Yet one of the most difficult things to learn in business is to trust your own instincts. Other factors, such as the need for money and to build out our portfolios get in the way and cloud our decision making.

Signing up to work on a project that looks like a disaster-in-waiting is something that can have detrimental effects to your business and health. Whether it’s because of the work itself, an untenable client, or both, it’s a bad situation. And unfortunately, there’s not often a graceful way to get out.

Therefore, it pays to think long and hard before agreeing to something you’re uncomfortable with. If you can’t see yourself cozying up to the project, it’s okay to say “no”.

Failing to Comment Code or Document Changes

Have you ever written a piece of code and said to yourself, “I’ll remember it”? Even if you are blessed with a sharp memory, there is still a good chance that at least something will slip your mind. That makes future maintenance for you (or the next developer) much more difficult.

The same can be said for other changes, as well. For instance, maybe you need to temporarily remove a design element from a template or change some CSS. Not taking the time to document what you’ve done will typically come back to haunt you. You could waste precious time searching around for a past change or attempting to figure out that code you wrote a few years ago.

Over time, everything changes and there’s even a chance it could break. When that time comes, wouldn’t it be nice to have a detailed explanation of how things work? Do yourself a big favor and start documenting items large and small. Your future self with appreciate it!

Relying on the Unreliable

Web designers tend to put our faith in a lot of third-party products – everything from JavaScript libraries to WordPress plugins. On the surface, there’s nothing wrong with this. Our job these days is to piece together websites from many disparate parts. This is just how things work…until they stop working.

Truth be told, virtually any outside piece of code we implement can become a weak link in the chain. However, it’s up to us to try and mitigate that risk as much as possible. How do we do this? By taking the time to research the products we use.

While no one is clairvoyant enough to know what’s going to happen, you can tell the difference between products that are well-maintained and those that aren’t.

Sometimes, we pick something simply because everyone else is buzzing about it – doing so without looking at factors like compatibility and release history. The danger in this is that, by the time we find out how poor the product is, something has already gone wrong.

So, before jumping on that bandwagon, do your homework. Look at support forums and changelogs. Test things out for potential weaknesses. A little extra effort up front can save you from having to remove that previously-hot item from every site you manage.

Not Standing up for Yourself

As the old saying goes, give people an inch and they’ll take a mile (or the metric system equivalent). It’s bad enough when you’re the nice person who lets a bunch of people go ahead of you at the coffee shop. But when you give in to a client, well, that’s a punishment you could relive over and over.

Acts such as doing work for them after hours or providing price breaks can boomerang on you. Respond to their message on a Saturday night, and some will take it to mean that it’s okay to reach you at that time. Charge way less than you normally would and they’ll expect that will always be the case.

It’s not all the client’s fault. People tend to base their behavior on the reaction of others. In other words, if you let them do it – they probably will take advantage and not think a thing about it.

Sometimes we have to tell ourselves that it’s good to hold the line on these types of things. That is, unless you want clients to routinely interrupt your dinner/binge-watching sessions.

The Key to Avoiding Ghosts

Much like a game of PAC-MAN, a web designer needs to find a way to outrun those ghosts looking to haunt us. Strategically, just like in the classic video game, doing this requires making moves with the future in mind.

When you think about it, so many future problems can be prevented by avoiding lazy practices. Things like commenting code, researching software or even weighing the potential consequences of a project could save us from a whole lot of issues.

The good news is that each item mentioned here can be avoided, or at least mitigated to a certain degree. Learning from mistakes is great, but preventing them is even better.

The post Things That Come Back to Haunt Web Designers appeared first on Speckyboy Design Magazine.

PHP Town Hall: Episode 65: Live from Longhorn PHP 2019

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Our amazing panel guests this episode are:

Alena Holligan

Sammy K Powers

Taylor Barnett

Margaret Staples

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Kat Z...

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Garcinia Cambogia Extract Market Production Growth Rate 2018-2023 Wuhan Vanz Pharm, Hunan Kanerga Pharmaceutical Sales, TWO BLUE DIAMONDS

Garcinia Cambogia Extract Market Research Report gives you a Detailed Idea about the Major Manufacturers, Applications, Regions, Company Profile, Industry Growth, Revenue, Demand, Gross margin, Consumption Value/Volume, Sale price, Import, Export, Production, Segmentation, Cost Structure, Product Picture and Specifications for the Forecast period 2018-2023 covering ” Americas, United States, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, APAC, China, Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia, India, Australia, Europe, Germany, France, UK, Italy, Russia, Spain, Middle East Africa, Egypt, South Africa, Israel, Turkey, GCC Countries “.

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Article source: https://markettalknews.com/garcinia-cambogia-extract-market-production-growth-rate-2018-2023-wuhan-vanz-pharm-hunan-kanerga-pharmaceutical-sales-two-blue-diamonds/

matt glaman – php, mysql, jquery, css, drupal developer: A proper introduction to Drupal Check

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